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Living in the
mountains mostly in places that are not easily accessible the
people of the district have been able to preserve their culture,
folklore, folksongs and folkdances, the last, a distinctive
feature of the district, being seasonal, traditional and
religious, some of the better known being described below -
The Thadiya dance, which is accompanied by song, is performed on
Basant Panchami, the festival celebrating the advent of spring,
the Mela, another dance, is perform on Deepawali and the Pandava
during the winter after the harvesting of the crop and depicts
the principal events of the Mahabharata. Other folk dances are
Jeetu Bhagdawal and Jagar or Ghariyali. These dances enact
mythological stories, the participants, both men and women, put
on their traditional colorful dress and dance to the tune of
drums and Ransinghas. Another dance perform during the fairs and
accompanied by song is the Chanchari in which both men and women
participate.
Folk songs are usually traditional and are sung particularly by
the women, who works very hard in the fields from morning till
night in all kind of weather. During the month of Chaitra the
women of the village gather at a central place and sing
traditional song which generally relate deeds of heroism, love
and the hard life which they have to lead in the hills. In the
district, fairs, festivals, religious and social gatherings are
the main occasions for recreation and amusement . On special
occasions people arrange Swangs (open air dramatic performances)
particularly depicting scenes or legends connected with Shiva
and Parvati.
Festivals play an important role in the life of people in the
district, as elsewhere, and are spread over the entire year, the
most important being briefly described below.
Ram Navami -
falls on the ninth day of the bright half of Chaitra to
celebrate the birthday of Rama. The followers of Rama in the
district observe fast throughout the day and the Ramayana is
read and recided and people gather to listen to the recitations.
Nag Panchmi -
is celebrated in the district on the fifth day of
the bright half of Sravana to appease the Nagas or serpent gods.
Figures of snakes are drawn in flour in wooden boards and are
worshipped by the family by offering milk, flowers and rice.
Raksha-Bandhan
is traditionally associated with the Brahmanas and falls on the
last day of Sravana. On this occasion a sister ties a
Rakshasutra (thread of protection)- commonly known as Rakhi -
round the right wrist of her brother in token of the protection
she expects to receive from him. Fairs are held on this occasion
at Kedarnath, Karnaprayag ans Nandprayag.
Janmastami -
the festival celebrating the birth of Krishna, falls on the
eighth day of the dark half of Bhadra. As in other parts of the
state, devotees in the district fast the whole day, breaking
their fast only at mid-night when worshippers throng the temples
and foregather to have a Jhanki(glimpse) of the shrines and
cradles specially installed, decorated and illuminated in homes
and other places to commemorate the deity's birth. A special
feature of this festival is the singing of devotional songs in
praise of Krishna in shrines and homes. The Chhati(sixth-day
ceremony after birth) is also celebrated by the devout. The
festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm at Nagnath,
Badrinath and Kedarnath.
Dushera -
falls on the tenth day of the bright half of Asvina and
commemorates the victory of Rama over Ravana, the preceding nine
days being celebrated as Navaratri dedicated to the worship of
the goddess Durga. Ramlila celebrations are held at different
places in the district particularly at Kalimath.
Dipavali -
the festival of lights, is celebrated in the
district, as elsewhere, on the last day of the dark half of
Kartika when the houses are illuminated and the goddess Lakshmi
is worshipped. Festivities start two days earlier, with
Dhanteras, when metal utensils are purchased as a token of the
desired prosperity, followed by Naraka Chaturdashi when a few
small earthen lamps are lit as a preliminary to the main day of
festival. For traders and businessmen Dipavali marks the end of
the fiscal year and they pray for prosperity in the new year. On
this occasion the people of the district perform mela nritya, a
type of folk dance, a distinctive feature of the district.
Makar Sankranti - is a bathing festival which falls either on
January 13th or 14th when people take bath in the Alaknanda and
big fairs (Uttaraini) are held at Karnprayag and Nandprayag.
Sivaratri - falls
on the 14th day of the dark half of Phalgun and is observed in
the honour of Siva. People fast throughout the day and a vigil
is kept at night when the deity is worshipped. The Siva temples
are specially decorated and illuminated and large numbers of
devotees offer water and flowers to the symbols and images of
Siva and sing devotional songs in his praise. Big fairs are held
on this occasion at most of the Siva temples of the district
particularly at Dewal, Bairaskund, Gopeshwar, and Nagnath .
Holi -
the spring festival, is celebrated on the full moon day of
Phalgun. People start singing Phaags (Songs of Phalgun) during
the nights, long before the festival. A flag or banner is
installed at a central place in the village on the 11th day of
bright of Phalgun and is burnt on the 15th day which is known as
Chharoli when ash mark is put on the foreheads of friends and
relatives. The following day is marked by common rejoicing when,
till about noon, people throw coloured water and coloured powder
on each other and in evening visit relatives and friends.
Many fairs are held in the district, the important ones being
mentioned below
.
On the 13th day of April every year the big fair known as
Bishwat Sankranti is held in the district. This fair is also
mentioned in the Pandukeshwar inscription of Lalitashuradeva
issued in the 22nd regnal year. It is also held at Ming (April
14), Aser (April 15), Hans Koti (April 16), and Kulsari and
Adbadri (April 17). Another important fair of the district is
the Gaucher Mela held at Gaucher in Karnprayag in the month of
November every year and is attended by number of persons. Others
fairs of importance are the Nautha at Adbadri, Naumi at Hariyali,
Nanda Devi at Bedni, Dattatreya Pooranmasi at Ansuya temple,
Nagnath at Dewar Walla. |